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Foundations of Ethics and Moral Valuation
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Foundations of Ethics and Moral Valuation
Foundations of Ethics and Moral Valuation
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1
Question
Which central concern defines ethics as a field of study?
Page 4
Answer
Ethics determines the grounds or basis for values significant to human life.
2
Question
Which kinds of conduct does ethics evaluate?
Page 4
Answer
Ethics evaluates good and bad pursuits, right and wrong actions, and acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
3
Question
Which three forms can ethical expectations take?
Page 4
Answer
They can take the form of obligations, prohibitions, or ideals.
4
Question
What does an ethical obligation require a person to do?
Page 4
Answer
It requires a person to fulfill an expected duty.
5
Question
What does an ethical prohibition require a person to respect?
Page 4
Answer
It requires a person to respect a forbidden course of action.
6
Question
Which four ethical frameworks are identified in the course description?
Page 3
Answer
Utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics, and natural law ethics.
7
Question
What does the first part of the course examine?
Page 3
Answer
It examines the meaning of ethics through human experience and the ethical dimension.
8
Question
What is the purpose of studying ethical frameworks?
Page 3
Answer
They provide different ways of determining ethical valuation.
9
Question
Which kind of valuation concerns personal approval or disapproval?
Page 6
Answer
Aesthetic valuation concerns personal approval or disapproval of what one sees, hears, smells, or tastes.
10
Question
Which Greek word is identified as the root of aesthetics?
Page 6
Answer
Aesthesis, meaning a sense of feeling.
11
Question
Why is judging a movie as enjoyable not ethical valuation?
Page 5
Answer
It expresses personal aesthetic approval rather than a judgment about human conduct.
12
Question
Which category includes preferences about music and clothing?
Page 6
Answer
Aesthetics, because these preferences concern personal taste.
13
Question
Which category concerns relatively trivial judgments about conduct?
Page 7
Answer
Etiquette concerns relatively trivial judgments about right and wrong action.
14
Question
Which behavior illustrates etiquette rather than ethics?
Page 7
Answer
Knocking politely on someone’s door illustrates etiquette.
15
Question
How does etiquette differ from ethics in seriousness?
Page 7
Answer
Etiquette concerns actions considered insufficiently grave for ethical discussion.
16
Question
Which reaction indicates a more serious ethical concern?
Page 8
Answer
Shock and indignation at deliberately pushing someone from a moving bus indicate a serious ethical concern.
17
Question
Why is mixing baking ingredients in the proper order not ethical valuation?
Page 8
Answer
It is a technical judgment about the proper way to perform a procedure.
18
Question
Which Greek word provides the root of technique?
Page 9
Answer
Techne.
19
Question
What distinguishes technical valuation from ethical valuation?
Page 9
Answer
Technical valuation concerns proper methods, whereas ethical valuation concerns human conduct and its moral significance.
20
Question
Which rule illustrates technical rather than ethical prohibition?
Page 9
Answer
The rule against walking more than two steps without dribbling illustrates a technical prohibition.
21
Question
How are morals commonly used to describe personal conduct?
Page 10
Answer
Morals refer to specific beliefs or attitudes about acts and to an individual’s personal conduct.
22
Question
Which term describes conduct that falls short of proper behavior?
Page 10
Answer
Immoral describes conduct that falls short of proper behavior.
23
Question
How is ethics characterized within philosophy?
Page 11
Answer
Ethics is an intellectual discipline that studies ideal human behavior and ideal ways of thinking.
24
Question
Which term applies to acceptable behavior within a profession?
Page 11
Answer
Professional ethics applies to acceptable and unacceptable behavior within a given field.
25
Question
Which professions are used as examples of professional ethics?
Page 11
Answer
Lawyers, doctors, nurses, and teachers.
26
Question
What consensus exists about the distinction between morals and ethics?
Page 12
Answer
There is no consensus about how exactly to distinguish the two terms.
27
Question
Which meaning is associated with the word philosophy?
Page 13
Answer
Philosophy means love of wisdom.
28
Question
When did philosophy historically begin according to the course material?
Page 13
Answer
It began among the ancient Greeks around two and a half thousand years ago.
29
Question
Which intellectual aim originally characterized philosophy?
Page 13
Answer
Philosophy aimed to understand reality in a maintained and systematic manner.
30
Question
Why did empirical and social sciences develop as disciplines?
Page 14
Answer
Specific questions developed into specific methods, topics, and disciplines in their own right.