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Cardiovascular Respiratory and Nervous Systems
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Cardiovascular Respiratory and Nervous Systems
Cardiovascular Respiratory and Nervous Systems
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1
Question
Which four chambers make up the human heart?
Page 1
Answer
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
2
Question
What structure separates the right and left sides of the heart?
Page 1
Answer
The septum.
3
Question
Which three layers form the wall of the heart?
Page 1
Answer
Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.
4
Question
How does the myocardium contribute to heart function?
Page 1
Answer
It forms the muscular layer of the heart.
5
Question
Which four valves regulate blood flow through the heart?
Page 1
Answer
Pulmonary, aortic, tricuspid, and mitral valves.
6
Question
How does systole differ from diastole during the cardiac cycle?
Page 1
Answer
Systole is contraction. Diastole is relaxation.
7
Question
Which structure serves as the heart’s natural pacemaker?
Page 1
Answer
The sinoatrial (SA) node.
8
Question
What resting heart-rate range is normal for adults?
Page 1
Answer
60–100 beats/minute.
9
Question
Where does the left ventricle pump oxygenated blood?
Page 1
Answer
Into the aorta.
10
Question
Where do the superior and inferior venae cavae empty?
Page 1
Answer
Into the right atrium.
11
Question
What does PMI mean in cardiovascular assessment?
Page 1
Answer
Point of maximal impulse, located at the apex of the heart.
12
Question
Which two coronary arteries supply the heart?
Page 1
Answer
The left and right coronary arteries.
13
Question
How do chemoreceptors influence cardiovascular and respiratory control?
Page 1
Answer
They detect changes that influence respiratory rate and blood pressure.
14
Question
Which major pulse sites are used for assessment?
Page 1
Answer
Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and pedal sites.
15
Question
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Page 1
Answer
Gas exchange.
16
Question
How does the diaphragm change during inspiration?
Page 1
Answer
It flattens and moves downward.
17
Question
Which three regions make up the pharynx?
Page 1
Answer
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
18
Question
How do cilia protect the respiratory tract?
Page 2
Answer
They block and move dust and microorganisms.
19
Question
What protective function does the epiglottis perform during swallowing?
Page 2
Answer
It closes over the larynx during swallowing.
20
Question
Where does the trachea divide into the primary bronchi?
Page 2
Answer
At the carina.
21
Question
How many lobes does each lung contain?
Page 2
Answer
The right lung has three lobes; the left lung has two.
22
Question
Which structures serve as the functional units of the lungs?
Page 2
Answer
Alveoli.
23
Question
What range represents normal arterial blood pH?
Page 2
Answer
7.35–7.45.
24
Question
What carbon-dioxide condition is associated with respiratory acidosis?
Page 2
Answer
Excess carbon dioxide (CO₂).
25
Question
How does increased respiratory rate produce respiratory alkalosis?
Page 2
Answer
It causes increased carbon-dioxide exhalation.
26
Question
Which gas partial pressures do arterial blood gases measure?
Page 2
Answer
The partial pressures of oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).
27
Question
Which term identifies the cells that form nervous tissue?
Page 2
Answer
Neurons.
28
Question
Which chemicals transmit impulses between nerve cells?
Page 2
Answer
Neurotransmitters.
29
Question
Which four lobes comprise the cerebral hemispheres?
Page 2
Answer
Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes.
30
Question
How does the cerebellum regulate coordinated movement?
Page 2
Answer
It regulates voluntary movement, muscle tone, stopping movements, and equilibrium.