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Pharmacology Fundamentals
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Pharmacology Fundamentals
Pharmacology Fundamentals
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1
Question
Which field studies drugs and their interactions with living systems?
Page 5
Answer
Pharmacology studies drugs and their interactions with living systems.
2
Question
Which branch of medicine addresses treatment methods, especially using drugs to cure disease?
Page 5
Answer
Therapeutics.
3
Question
Which field studies the adverse effects of drugs on living systems?
Page 5
Answer
Toxicology.
4
Question
Which term describes using chemical agents to treat cancer or infectious diseases?
Page 5
Answer
Chemotherapy.
5
Question
Which two major divisions constitute pharmacology?
Page 5
Answer
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
6
Question
Which sequence correctly lists the processes included in pharmacokinetics?
Page 5
Answer
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
7
Question
Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the _____ does to a drug.
Page 5
Answer
body
8
Question
Which movement constitutes drug absorption?
Page 5
Answer
Movement from the administration site into the bloodstream.
9
Question
Which two mechanisms mainly absorb drugs from the gastrointestinal tract?
Page 5
Answer
Passive diffusion and active transport.
10
Question
Why does faster dissolution generally increase drug absorption speed?
Page 5
Answer
A drug must dissolve before it can be absorbed.
11
Question
How does high local blood flow affect drug absorption?
Page 5
Answer
Absorption is fastest where blood flow is high.
12
Question
Why do highly lipid-soluble drugs cross membranes readily?
Page 5
Answer
They cross lipid-rich membranes more readily than drugs with low lipid solubility.
13
Question
Which property describes bioavailability?
Page 5
Answer
The extent and rate at which active drug enters systemic circulation.
14
Question
How does first-pass metabolism reduce bioavailability?
Page 5
Answer
Rapid liver metabolism reduces unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation.
15
Question
Why are very hydrophilic drugs poorly absorbed across cell membranes?
Page 5
Answer
They cannot readily cross lipid-rich cell membranes.
16
Question
Which drug illustrates chemical instability in gastric juice?
Page 5
Answer
Penicillin G.
17
Question
How can drug formulation alter the rate of absorption?
Page 6
Answer
Particle size, salt form, and excipients influence dissolution and absorption rate.
18
Question
Which movement constitutes drug distribution?
Page 6
Answer
Movement from general circulation into body organs and fluids.
19
Question
Which factor affects the distribution of a drug into tissues?
Page 6
Answer
Blood flow to the tissues.
20
Question
Which vascular property determines how readily a drug exits the bloodstream?
Page 6
Answer
Capillary permeability.
21
Question
Which cellular property influences drug distribution into tissues?
Page 6
Answer
The drug’s ability to enter cells.
22
Question
Which local chemical condition influences drug distribution?
Page 6
Answer
Regional pH.
23
Question
Which organ normally performs most drug metabolism?
Page 6
Answer
The liver.
24
Question
Which process describes drug metabolism?
Page 6
Answer
Enzymatic alteration of a drug’s structure.
25
Question
How can metabolism affect a pro-drug?
Page 6
Answer
It can activate an inactive drug.
26
Question
Which factor can alter an individual’s rate of drug metabolism?
Page 6
Answer
Genetics.
27
Question
How can chronic liver disease affect drug metabolism?
Page 6
Answer
It can influence the individual’s drug metabolism rate.
28
Question
Which process removes drugs from the body?
Page 6
Answer
Excretion.
29
Question
Which route is a recognized pathway for drug excretion?
Page 6
Answer
Urine.
30
Question
Which field studies what a drug does to the body?
Page 6
Answer
Pharmacodynamics.