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Biological Macromolecules
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Biological Macromolecules
Biological Macromolecules
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1
Question
Which monomer is associated with carbohydrates?
Page 1
Answer
Sugar, specifically a monosaccharide for a single-unit carbohydrate.
2
Question
Which monomer forms proteins?
Page 1
Answer
Amino acids.
3
Question
Which monomer forms nucleic acids?
Page 1
Answer
Nucleotides.
4
Question
What is distinctive about lipid building blocks?
Page 1
Answer
Lipids have no monomers serving as building blocks.
5
Question
How can monomers form polymers?
Page 1
Answer
Monomers can be anabolized into polymers by dehydration synthesis.
6
Question
Which carbohydrate contains one monomer?
Page 1
Answer
A monosaccharide, also called a simple sugar.
7
Question
Which monosaccharide supplies short-term energy?
Page 1
Answer
Glucose supplies short-term energy at 4 cal/g during cellular respiration to make ATP.
8
Question
Which formula is shown for glucose?
Page 1
Answer
\(\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6\).
9
Question
Which sugar is the structural component of RNA?
Page 1
Answer
Ribose, with formula \(\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}_5\).
10
Question
Which sugar is used in DNA nucleotides?
Page 1
Answer
Deoxyribose, with formula \(\text{C}_5\text{H}_{10}\text{O}_4\).
11
Question
What distinguishes deoxyribose from ribose?
Page 1
Answer
Deoxyribose is missing one oxygen compared with ribose.
12
Question
Which carbohydrate polymer contains more than twenty monomers?
Page 1
Answer
A polysaccharide, described as a complex carbohydrate.
13
Question
How are starch molecules organized in plants?
Page 2
Answer
Starch consists of many glucose molecules bonded together in straight chains in plants.
14
Question
Why is starch considered short-term storage?
Page 2
Answer
Its glucose molecules are bonded together for short-term storage.
15
Question
How is glycogen structured in animals?
Page 2
Answer
Glycogen is a branched chain of glucose molecules in animals.
16
Question
Where is glycogen stored in animals?
Page 2
Answer
Glycogen is stored in liver and muscle cells.
17
Question
Which carbohydrate provides structure to plant cell walls?
Page 2
Answer
Cellulose provides structure to plant cell walls.
18
Question
How many different amino acids are identified in the notes?
Page 2
Answer
Twenty different amino acids.
19
Question
Which amino-acid component differs among amino acids?
Page 2
Answer
The side chain, represented by the \(R\) group, differs among amino acids.
20
Question
What does a polypeptide consist of?
Page 2
Answer
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids.
21
Question
Why does amino-acid order matter in proteins?
Page 2
Answer
Amino-acid order affects how the chain folds into a particular protein.
22
Question
How is a protein distinguished from a polypeptide?
Page 2
Answer
A protein is a uniquely folded polypeptide with a specific shape and function.
23
Question
Which protein type provides structural support?
Page 2
Answer
Structural proteins provide support and structure.
24
Question
Which structural protein occurs in hair, skin, feathers, and horns?
Page 2
Answer
Keratin.
25
Question
Which structural protein forms silk for webs?
Page 2
Answer
Silk protein.
26
Question
Which structural protein occurs in connective tissue?
Page 2
Answer
Collagen.
27
Question
What is the main function of transport proteins?
Page 2
Answer
Transport proteins move molecules across membranes or through the body.
28
Question
How does hemoglobin function as a transport protein?
Page 2
Answer
Hemoglobin in red blood cells delivers \(\text{O}_2\) to cells.
29
Question
Which substances do membrane proteins transport?
Page 2
Answer
Membrane proteins transport hydrophilic solutes across the membrane.
30
Question
Which processes are regulated by hormonal proteins?
Page 3
Answer
Hormonal proteins regulate digestion, sleep, reproduction, and homeostasis.